Syntaxe MySQL

ALTER [IGNORE] TABLE nomTable  commandeAlter

commandeAlter:
   ADD [COLUMN] commandeCréation [FIRST | AFTER nomAttribut]
ou ADD INDEX [nomIndex] (nomAttribut, ...)
ou ADD PRIMARY KEY (nomAttribut, ...)
ou ADD UNIQUE [nomIndex] (nomAttribut, ...)
ou ALTER [COLUMN] nomAttribut { SET DEFAULT litteral | DROP DEFAULT }
ou CHANGE [COLUMN] ancienNomColonne  commandeCréation
ou MODIFY [COLUMN] commandeCréation
ou DROP [COLUMN] nomAttribut
ou DROP PRIMARY KEY
ou DROP INDEX nomIndex
ou RENAME [AS] nomTable
ou optionTable

CREATE DATABASE nomBase

CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX nomIndex
       ON nomTable (nomAttribut[(taille)], ...)

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] nomTable (commandeCréation, ...)
       [optionsTable] [optionsSelect]

commandeCréation:
   nomAttribut type [NOT NULL | NULL]
            [DEFAULT litteral] [AUTO_INCREMENT]
            [PRIMARY KEY] [référence]
ou PRIMARY KEY (nomAttribut, ...)
ou KEY [nomIndex] (nomAttribut, ...)
ou INDEX [nomIndex] (nomAttribut, ...)
ou UNIQUE [INDEX] [nomIndex] (nomAttribut, ...)
ou [CONSTRAINT contrainte]
               FOREIGN KEY nomIndex (nomAttribut, ...) [référence]
ou CHECK (expression)

optionsTable:
   TYPE = { ISAM | MYISAM | HEAP }
ou AUTO_INCREMENT = #
ou AVG_ROW_LENGTH = #
ou CHECKSUM = { 0 | 1 }
ou COMMENT = "Commentaires"
ou MAX_ROWS = #
ou MIN_ROWS = #
ou PACK_KEYS = { 0 | 1 }
ou PASSWORD = "motDePasse"
ou DELAY_KEY_WRITE = { 0 | 1 }

optionsSelect:
   [IGNORE | REPLACE] SELECT ... (requête SQL)

référence:
   REFERENCES nomTable [(nomAttribut, ...)]
   [MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL]
   [ON DELETE optionsRéf]
   [ON UPDATE optionsRéf]

optionsRéf:
   RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION | SET DEFAULT

DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] FROM nomTable [WHERE clauseWhere] [LIMIT nbLignes]

{DESCRIBE | DESC} nomTable {nomAttribut}

DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] nombase

DROP INDEX nomIndex ON nomTable

DROP TABLE [IF EXISTS] nomTable

EXPLAIN nomTable
ou      EXPLAIN SELECT ...

FLUSH optionFlush, ...

optionFlush:
      HOSTS | LOGS | PRIVILEGES | FABLES | STATUS

GRANT privilège [(listeAttributs)]
      [, privilège [(listeAttributs)] ]
      ON {nomTable | * | *.* | nomBase.*}
      TO nomUtilisateur [IDENTIFIED BY 'motDePasse']
      [, nomUtilisateur [IDENTIFIED BY 'motDePasse'] ... ]
      [WITH GRANT OPTION]

    INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [IGNORE]
           [INTO] nomTable [(nomAttribut, ...)]
           VALUES (expresion, ...), (...), ...
ou  INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [IGNORE]
           [INTO] nomTable [(nomAttribut, ...)]
           SELECT ...
ou  INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [IGNORE]
           [INTO] nomTable
           SET nomAttribut=expression, ...

KILL idThread

LOAD DATA [LOW_PRIORITY] [LOCAL] INFILE 'nomFichier' [REPLACE | IGNORE]
          INTO TABLE nomTable
          [FIELDS
          [TERMINATED BY caractère]
          [OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY caractère]
          [ESCAPED BY caractère] ]
          [LINES TERMINATED BY caractère]
          [IGNORE entier LINES]
          [(nomAttributs, ...)]

LOCK TABLES nomTable, [AS alias]
            {READ | [LOW_PRIORITY] WRITE}
            [, nomTable READ | [LOW_PRIORITY] WRITE ...]

OPTIMIZE TABLE nomTable

    REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [IGNORE]
            [INTO] nomTable [(nomAttribut, ...)]
            VALUES (expresion, ...), (...), ...
ou  REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [IGNORE]
            [INTO] nomTable [(nomAttribut, ...)]
            SELECT ...
ou  REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [IGNORE]
            [INTO] nomTable
            SET nomAttribut=expression, ...

REVOKE privilège [(listeAttributs)]
       [, privilège [(listeAttributs)] ]
       ON {nomTable | * | *.* | nomBase.*}
       FROM nomUtilisateur [IDENTIFIED BY 'motDePasse']
       [, nomUtilisateur [, nomUtilisateur ...]

SELECT [STRAIGHT_JOIN] [SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT]
       [HIGH_PRIORITY] [DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW | ALL]

       listeAttributs:
       [INTO { OUTFILE | DUMPFILE } 'nomFichier' optionsExports]
       [FROM clauseFROM
       [WHERE clauseWHERE]
       [GROUP BY nomAttribut, ...]
       [HAVING clauseWHERE]
       [ORDER BY { entier | nomAttribut | formule } ASC | DESC], ...]
       [LIMIT [debut,] nbLignes]
       [PROCEDURE nomProcedure]  ]

clauseFROM:
   nomTable,  nomTable
ou nomTable [CROSS] JOIN nomTable
ou nomTable INNER JOIN nomTable
ou nomTable STRAIGHT_JOIN nomTable
ou nomTable LEFT [OUTER] JOIN nomTable ON expression
ou nomTable LEFT [OUTER] JOIN nomTable USING (listeAttributs)
ou nomTable NATURAL LEFT [OUTER] JOIN nomTable
ou nomTable LEFT OUTER JOIN nomTable ON expression

SET [OPTION] sqlOption = valeur, ...

SHOW DATABASES [LIKE expression]
ou   SHOW TABLES [FROM nomBase] [LIKE expression]
ou   SHOW COLUMNS FROM nomTable [FROM nomBase] [LIKE expression]
ou   SHOW INDEX FROM nomTable [FROM nomBase]
ou   SHOW STATUS
ou   SHOW VARIABLES [LIKE expression]
ou   SHOW PROCESSLIST
ou   SHOW TABLE STATUS [FROM nomBase] [LIKE expression]
ou   SHOW GRANTS FOR utilisateur

UNLOCK TABLES

UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] nomTable
       SET nomAttribut=expression, ...
       [WHERE clauseWHERE] [LIMIT entier]

USE nomBase